Q: What are the types of survey questions I could ask that would reveal donor identity?
The questions depend on the cause. Different identities will explain giving to a health charity (connection to disease), different to a conservationist charity (environmentalist) and different to a university (alumnus/a).
Even for the same cause, there may be various identities that can explain giving. For example, someone might give to a cancer charity because they’re a cancer survivor themselves, or because someone they know has/had cancer or because they’re a medical professional/researcher. Same for university: some might give because they were alumni themselves, others because their parents or kids are and others because they work there.
Ideally, you’d do a quick insights project to verify which are the identities that matter i.e. require differential treatment to increase loyalty and giving. That will tell you which identity (which Q) you should be capturing and using to tailor journeys and communications.