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Roger Craver, Co-Editor, The Agitator


When I switched from being a major gifts and capital campaign fundraiser in favor of the path of direct response my colleagues thought I had gone mad. They simply couldn’t imagine why any serious fundraiser would resort to anything less than face-to-face contact with donors and prospects.

That was 45 years ago.

Today, halfway through my career, I’m more convinced than ever that direct response fundraising and marketing continues to enjoy spectacular future. Far brighter than I ever imagined in those early years when we upstarts at Craver, Mathews, Smith & Company used the direct response techniques of the day to help launch or build groups like Common Cause, The National Organization for Women, ACLU, the Sierra Club, Greenpeace, Amnesty International and dozens of other major organizations, both in the U.S. and in Europe.

A lawyer by training, a copywriter and strategist by trade, and a curious and optimistic guy by nature, I’m more convinced than ever that the best is yet to come where direct response fundraising is concerned. The only threats to our craft that truly worry me are complacency and conventional wisdom. Both jeopardize the best possible performance at a time when nonprofits will be required to perform far more and far better than they have in the past.

Ours is a trade that has grown prosperous and self-satisfied. Even for the inexperienced or just plain stupid, there is rapid advancement and substantial financial reward. Why? Because the number of available vacancies for “fundraising” positions far outstrips the available talent.

Even more worrisome in this era of rapid change is the unwillingness on the part of far too many fundraisers, CEOs and Boards to innovate, to take risks and to break new ground.

Fortunately, there is a wealth of new talent, technologies and techniques bursting on to the scene. These are the best antidotes to complacency and conventional wisdom. It’s my hope that in this space we can –together — shine the spotlight on the trends, talent, techniques and technologies that will make us all perform better tomorrow than we do today.

Afterall, the stakes for the causes and organizations we serve are simply too high to accept anything less.

Nick Ellinger, VP of Marketing Strategy, DonorVoice

The year was 2008 — the year of the financial crash — so a lot of direct marketing programs, like the one I’d just taken over at  Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), were significantly off budget.

Then it happened again a few years later. This time my faith in conventional wisdom, in budgeting projections, in the belief “they do this for a living and clearly they know more about this than I do” was shaken to its core.  It didn’t help that I was the first to notice the problem and had to persuade our consultants that we were headed for trouble.

Then and there I made a pledge to myself: the next time I missed a goal by even a penny, it would be the result of my own [expletive deleted] decisions.

Never again would I be any less the expert than anyone else in the room where plans and decisions are made. And never again would I trust the way things had always been done. All knowledge was now suspect — as it always should have been.

That’s also when I started writing about nonprofit marketing as a way to force myself to stretch. And in reading to support my writing habit, I saw cracks in the conventional wisdom that I’d accepted on blind faith.

“Conventional wisdom” was replaced by new insights like: Matches aren’t as good as overhead-covering lead gifts… Highest previous contribution is a bad place to start an ask string… File size is a pretty bad way of measuring the size of your file…. More isn’t better…Donors can give valuable feedback… Pure emotion doesn’t always win (just most of the time).

I also discovered new and helpful vistas. Neuromarketing, behavioral psychology, the economics of ask strings, online targeting methodologies – things I’d not dreamed up when getting my MBA. There was always another rabbit hole to explore, another level up or down in our fractals of knowledge.

Pretty soon, I moved to DonorVoice because they were asking (and answering) the most important questions our industry faces about why donors give (beyond the simplified answer “because we ask”).

It was in this leveling-up process that I discovered The Agitator (and other luminaries too numerous to mention or list lest I forget). It scratched me where I itched. It asked “we may be doing this right… but what if we aren’t?” And there was an actual conversation going on. As a once and future debater, I loved this ethos of steel sharpening steel.

So it’s my honor to write for the Agitator and to be a part of the discussion and the community. I hope I can give you as much as you’ve given me.  I hope to spark a thought in your mind as you have in mine. I hope that together we can raise some money for some great causes.

And mostly, I hope you never say “I agree with Nick 100%.” Even I don’t do that.

Please disagree, using your outside voice.  We’ll make each other better.

Charlie Hulme, Managing Director, DonorVoice UK

Like some of you I didn’t start out as a fundraiser. My early career was spent in sales and marketing. The money was the good, career satisfaction was bad. I wanted to make a difference. I wanted to be a fundraiser.

So, I was pretty disappointed, early in my fundraising career, to find fundraisers (no matter how smart and/or conscientious) weren’t making much difference. ‘Best’ practise forced focus on bringing people in the front door (which was/is getting harder and more expensive) and hardly any on saving the enormous number leaving out the back. It felt the entire sector was running to stand still.

But the biggest disappointment was mindset. Some thought they couldn’t do anything about the problem. Others loudly preached solutions, without evidence, to the problem. Still others didn’t think there was a problem.

One agency fired me for pushing clients to test the radical hypothesis people had deeper reasons for giving than “we asked”. Another hired me to do the same thing.

During my years as creative director at the latter I helped many charities uncover rudimentary supporter identities (e.g. connection to disease or not, parent/pet owner or not etc.) Most saw lift in performance and value.

It was a step forward, but still frustrating. Largely because it remained at campaign level; never scaled to ‘journey’. Mostly because, in almost all cases, I had to struggle to get each charity to accept the basic premise. It got pretty lonely.

Then I found the Agitator. I found a community of people like you challenging the status quo. Not with empty rhetoric about being “emotional”, “donor-centric”, “insert meaningless platitude here”, but evidence.

Through the Agitator I found DonorVoice. Today I get to work with forward-thinking organizations, using a unique combination of tools and skills, to uncover why people are or would support them.

I’m proud to be a part of this community and to share with you what these charities are doing. I hope it inspires you to continue agitating for change (which is why you’re here, right?)

Tom Belford, Co-Editor Emeritus, The Agitator

Tom thumbnail

In my first job, in the founding days of Common Cause, we kept track of our members with perforated cards and activated them via phone trees!

Now of course we use sophisticated databases and online tools. But along the way, guess what, as a marketer of both issues and products, I’ve been reminded over and over of two lessons: fundamental principles of human motivation still apply, and the right solution begins with the right question.

Hopefully I’ve learned something about marketing causes and issues that you might find valuable. My checkered past includes the Carter White House, building Ted Turner’s first philanthropic organization, doing a ton of consulting for non-profits through Vanguard Communications and Craver, Mathews, Smith & Co., conceiving marketing programs for corporate clients from Time Warner Cable to Maker’s Mark bourbon to Discovery Communications, and running marketing for Environmental Defense.

Enjoy our blog … and push back!

Ask A Behavioral Scientist

    Behavioral Science Q & A

    Q: As a designer who works with non-profits on fundraising strategy, I see the language like the following: “Our supporters help empower every girl, ensuring she has the resources she needs.” I do not think the word “help” is useful–I think “Our supporters empower every girl, ensuring she has the resources she needs. ” is much more engaging. Thoughts?

    Whether “help” is more engaging or not really depends on the framing and context. The word help can sometimes weaken the perceived agency of the supporter, making their role feel secondary rather than central (your point). On the other hand, help can also signal collaboration rather than implying full ownership of the outcome, which might […]

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    Q: We started offering a donor cover option last april 1. The data to date suggests this may be dampening giving.eg. those who say yes to donor cover have a lower average gift (based on analysis of 6000+ gifts). I’m wondering if those who give lower gifts feel more guilt and therefore say yes to donor cover or if the presence of donor cover is making people adjust (lower) their gift size to accommodate the extra 3%. Would love any insights you have.

    Great question! Here’s how behavioral science can help unpack what might be happening: Pain of Paying: Even a small extra charge can make giving feel more transactional than emotional, potentially reducing generosity. Fairness Concerns: Some donors might perceive donor cover as a surcharge rather than a contribution to the cause. If they feel the charity […]

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    Q: When writing an appeal, I waffle back and forth between writing “Your gift CAN…” or “Your gift WILL…” Any studies of which of these two words is best for an appeal?

    The choice between “Your gift CAN…” and “Your gift WILL…” taps into the psychological framing of certainty vs. possibility. Currently, there is no academic research directly comparing these two framings in charitable appeals. However, I suspect no framing is universally better—the outcome likely depends on your target audience and the campaign’s goal. Here are some thoughts: Certainty Framing – […]

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    Q: Do you have any insight on whether integrating an individual giving appeal with other comms from the charity in both appearance and messaging can uplift results? Or does the actual appeal become ‘lost’ for lack of stand-out?

    Integrating an individual giving appeal with other communications from a charity can have both positive and negative effects, and the outcome largely depends on how it’s executed. Advantages of Integration Brand Consistency: Maintaining a consistent appearance and messaging across all communications can reinforce the org’s brand identity and strengthen brand recognition and trust among your […]

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    Q: Is there any research on response rate impact in direct mail when referring to a sustainer gift as ongoing or recurring (catching all frequencies) v. monthly or annual?

    I’m not aware of any in-market tests specifically comparing recurring vs. gift frequency language. I suspect the answer might not be the same with all gift frequencies, nor with all people. It sounds like a great opportunity for you to test and find out what works for your audience. Based on the literature, here’s a couple […]

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    Q: A major conservation nonprofit sends me lots of mail, many of which have on the envelope “time to renew” or “2nd notice.” I find this practice deceptive, especially as I haven’t given to said organization since 1997. It must be effective or they wouldn’t do it. But is it ethical?

    Based on what we know from existing data, those renewal notices can actually be pretty effective in getting people to donate. They tap into our psychology – creating a sense of urgency, reminding us of past support, and using personalization to make the message hit home. They’re playing on our natural tendencies to feel obligated […]

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    The Agitator Tool Box

    Ideas, applications, tools, processes, and case studies of break-through solutions in fundraising, including:



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